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Wind energy is a universal resource. It can satisfy a multitude of global energy problems not only theoretically but also in actuality. It can be used to generate electricity, the leading source of energy of the twenty-first century. From the finite nature of fossil fuels, their geographically uneven distribution, and the resulting climate change due to its burning, to the dangers of the nuclear sector, recently experienced so dramatically in Fukushima, these problems are increasingly being answered through the generation of electricity by means of regenerative sources, especially with the use of wind energy.
Wind energy is a form of solar energy. Earth’s atmosphere is unevenly heated by solar radiation and the air is in constant motion to find equilibrium. Air is easily affected by pressure and temperature so methods of heat transfer such as convection, conduction, radiation, and advection relieve the temperature imbalances and are driving forces for wind. Wind is an intermittent source of energy with many factors affecting wind flow patterns, such as geological features of Earth’s surface, bodies of water, vegetation, and the Earth’s rotation.Wind is harvested through wind turbines, which generate electricity by converting the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy.
The kinetic energy in the wind is a promising source of renewable energy with significant potential in many parts of the world.
The energy that can be captured by wind turbines is highly dependent on the local average wind speed. Regions that normally present the most attractive potential are located near coasts, inland areas with open terrain or on the edge of bodies of water. Some mountainous areas also have good potential. In spite of these geographical limitations for wind energy project siting, there is ample terrain in most areas of the world to provide a significant portion of the local electricity needs with wind energy projects (Rangi et al., 1992).
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